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Intradialytic Parenteral Nutrition (IDPN) and Intraperitoneal Nutrition (IPN) are therapies that have been used for decades to treat malnourished dialysis patients. There is clinical evidence that supports its safety and efficacy. Originally IDPN was given in high volume of upwards of 2000 mL, and contained a large volume of dextrose. Due to the high incidence [...]

Before we answer that question, let's first define Refeeding Syndrome (RF). RF is severe electrolyte and fluid shifts associated with metabolic abnormalities in malnourished patients undergoing refeeding, whether orally, enterally, or parenterally. The first documented cases were reported in 1949 when World War II soldiers were being rescued by allied troops, brought back and fed. [...]